https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_I_of_Normandy

MEDIEVAL LANDS

RICHARD, son of GUILLAUME Comte [ de Normandie] & Sprota a Breton captive --- .

Guillaume de Jumièges names Richard as son of Guillaume and Sprota, recording that news of his birth was brought to his father when he was returning from his victory against the rebels led by "Riulf"[72]. Flodoard records "filio ipsius Willelmi, nato de concubina Brittana" being granted the land of the Normans by King Louis after his father's death[73].

Richard is described as "a boy" on the death of his father by Dudo of Saint-Quentin[74], and as "ten years old" at the time by Orderic Vitalis[75]. Guillaume de Jumièges records that Richard succeeded his father under the guardianship of "Bernard le Danois"[76]. After the death of Richard's father, Louis IV "d'Outremer" King of France briefly controlled Rouen, and kept Richard prisoner, before the latter was able to escape[77], whereupon he succeeded as RICHARD I "Sans Peur" Comte [de Normandie]. He used the title Comte de Rouen/comes Rothomagensium, and from 966 Marquis des Normands/marchio Normannorum[78]. Soon after succeeding, he suppressed the rebellion of Rodulf "Torta", who was banished and fled to Paris[79]. These events are not dated, but are recounted with the betrothal of Richard to the daughter of Hugues Duc des Francs, which took place in 945. His forces defeated the army of Otto I King of Germany after it attempted to capture Rouen in revenge for the escape of comte Richard from captivity[80]. Comte Richard defeated French forces after King Lothaire of France captured Evreux. Hugues "le Grand" Duc des Francs nominated comte Richard as guardian of his son, the future Hugues "Capet" King of France, in 956, the arrangement being confirmed by Richard's betrothal to Hugues's sister[81]. He invited William of Volpiano, Italian abbot of Saint-Bénigne at Dijon, to reform the Norman abbeys, installing monks at Mont-Saint-Michel and Fécamp[82]. He agreed a non-aggression pact with Æthelred II King of England 1 Mar 991, designed no doubt to prevent either side from sheltering Viking marauders[83]. "Ricardus filius Willelmi, dux Normannie" founded Louviers "in Ebroicensi pago" by undated charter[84]. Guillaume de Jumièges records the death of Duke Richard at Fécamp in 996[85].

m firstly EMMA, daughter of HUGUES "le Grand" Duc des Francs, Comte de Paris & his third wife Hedwig of Germany . The Liber Modernorum Regum Francorum records the marriage in 956 of "Richardus filius Guillelmi principis Normannorum" with "filiam Hugonis ducis", although she is not named[86]. Guillaume de Jumièges records the betrothal of Emma daughter of Hugues to Richard, arranged at the same time her father appointed her future husband as guardian of her brother Hugues, the future Hugues "Capet" King of France, and in a later passage records their marriage at Rouen after the death of her father[87]. No direct proof has yet been identified that Emma was the daughter of her father's third marriage. However, this is likely given that betrothals at the time normally took place when the female partner was in early adolescence. Guillaume de Jumièges records the death of Emma without children[88].

m secondly GUNNORA, daughter of --- . Guillaume de Jumièges records the marriage of Duke Richard and "Gunnor, issue d'une très-noble famille danoise" soon after the death of his first wife[89]. According to Robert de Torigny, the marriage took place to legitimise Richard and Gunnora's son Robert to permit his appointment as Bishop of Rouen[90]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Gunnor" as the wife of "dux Normannie primus Richardus"[91]. It appears from Dudo de Saint-Quentin that Gunnora was Richard I's mistress before she married him. "Duke Richard [II]" donated property to the abbey of Mont Saint-Michel by charter dated to [1024/26], subscribed by "…Gonnor matris comitis…"[92]. Robert of Torigny records the death in 1030 of "Gunnor comitissa uxor primi Ricardi"[93]. The necrology of Saint-Père-en-Vallée records the death "Non Jan" of "Gonnoridis…comitissa Normannie"[94].

Richard & his second wife had eight children :

1. RICHARD . Guillaume de Jumièges names "Richard, Robert, Mauger" as three of the five sons of Duke Richard and Gunnora[95]. He succeeded his father in 996 as RICHARD II "le Bon/l'Irascible" Comte de Normandie. Duke of Normandy [1015].

2. ROBERT . Guillaume de Jumièges names "Richard, Robert, Mauger" as three of the five sons of Duke Richard and Gunnora, recording in a later passage that Robert succeeded Hugues as Archbishop of Rouen[96]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Robertus archiepiscopus Rothomagensis" as brother of "dux Normannie Richardus II"[97]. He is named brother of Duke Richard II by Orderic Vitalis[98]. Comte d'Evreux. Bishop of Rouen 989, after his parents married to legitimise him in order to regularise his appointment[99]. An agreement between the abbots of Jumièges and Bougeuil concerning an exchange of land in Poitou, by charter dated [13 Apr/4 Apr] 1012, is subscribed by "Richardus…filius Ricardi principi magni…Robertus archiepiscopus…ecclesie Rotomagensis et Vuillelmus et Malgerus fratres Richardi comitis…"[100]. He quarrelled with his nephew Robert II Duke of Normandy and took refuge in France. Robert of Torigny records the death in 1037 of "Robertus…archiepiscopus Rothomagensis"[101].

3. ROBERT ["Danus"] . Robert of Torigny names "Ricardum…qui ei successit et Robertum postea archiepiscopum Rothomagensium et Malgerium comitem Curbuliensem, aliosque duos" as the sons of "Ricardi primi ducis Normanniæ" and Gunnora[102]. Houts names one of the unnamed sons Robert "Danus" but does not give her source[103]. The necrology of Saint-Père-en-Vallée records the death "II Id Aug" of "Robertus puer filius comitis Richardi"[104].

4. MAUGER . Guillaume de Jumièges names "Richard, Robert, Mauger" as three of the five sons of Duke Richard and Gunnora[105]. Robert of Torigny names "Ricardum…qui ei successit et Robertum postea archiepiscopum Rothomagensium et Malgerium comitem Curbuliensem, aliosque duos" as the sons of "Ricardi primi ducis Normanniæ" and Gunnora[106]. An agreement between the abbots of Jumièges and Bougeuil concerning an exchange of land in Poitou, by charter dated [13 Apr/4 Apr] 1012, is subscribed by "Richardus…filius Ricardi principi magni…Robertus archiepiscopus…ecclesie Rotomagensis et Vuillelmus et Malgerus fratres Richardi comitis…"[107]. Comte de Corbeil, by right of his wife.

5. son . Robert of Torigny names "Ricardum…qui ei successit et Robertum postea archiepiscopum Rothomagensium et Malgerium comitem Curbuliensem, aliosque duos" as the sons of "Ricardi primi ducis Normanniæ" and Gunnora[108]. No reference has been found to the name of this son.

6. EMMA . Guillaume de Jumièges names Emma as one of the three daughters of Duke Richard and Gunnora[109]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Emma Anglorum regina" as sister of "dux Normannie Richardus II"[110]. Emma was described by Henry of Huntingdon as "Emma Normanorum gemma"[111], although it is not known whether this was a particular indication of her beauty or mere hyperbole. She was known as ÆLFGIFU in England[112]. Her first husband sent her to her brother's court in Normandy in 1013 after the invasion of Svend King of Denmark[113]. She was living in Normandy in 1017 when King Æthelred's successor King Canute proposed marriage to her. Roger of Wendover records the marriage in Jul 1018 of "Cnuto" and "ducem Ricardum…Emmam sororem suam et regis Ethelredi relictam"[114]. After the death of her second husband, she continued to live at Winchester. After the election of her step-son as regent in early 1036, it was recognised that she would continue to live there to look after the interests of her son Harthacnut who had nominally succeeded his father as King of England and Denmark but was still absent in Denmark. It is likely that she encouraged her sons by her first husband, Edward and Alfred, to join her, Alfred being captured and murdered during the visit. After Harold was recognised as king of England in 1037, Queen Emma was expelled and took refuge at Bruges[115]. She commissioned the Encomium Emmæ Reginæ from a Flemish convent at Saint-Omer, maybe St Bertin's, designed to promote her son Harthacnut's claim to the English throne. Harthacnut joined her in Bruges in early 1040, and after the death of King Harold, they returned together to England. After the accession of Edward "the Confessor", her son by her first husband, Emma appears to have supported the rival claim of Magnus King of Norway[116]. Whatever the truth of this, King Edward did confiscate her property in 1043 according to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle[117]. She seems to have spent the last years of her life in retirement in Winchester[118]. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records the death of "Ælfgifu Emma, the mother of king Edward and of king Harthacnut" in 1052[119].

m firstly as his [second/third] wife, ÆTHELRED II King of England, son of EDGAR "the Peacable" King of England & his second wife Ælfthryth .

m secondly CANUTE King of England, son of SVEND I "Tveskæg/Forkbeard" King of Denmark & his first wife Šwiętosława [Gunhild] of Poland . King of Denmark 1018, King of Norway 1028.

7. HAVISE . Guillaume de Jumièges names Hadvise, wife of "Geoffroi comte des Bretons", as the second of the three daughters of Duke Richard and Gunnora, and in a later passage records her marriage after the death of her father[121]. A charter dated 1008 records that, after the death of "Gaufrido comite Britanniæ", "filii eius Alanus et Eudo cum matre eorum Hadeguisia" restored the abbey of Saint-Méen[122]. "…Aduise matre eorum comitum…" signed the charter dated to [1013/22] under which "Alanus et Egio Britannorum monarchi" founded the priory of Livré "in pago Redonensi"[123]. The Chronico Kemperlegiensi records the death "1034 IX Kal Mar" of "Haduisa comitissa Britanniæ, vidua Gauffridi"[124].

m GEOFFROY I Duke of Brittany, son of CONAN I "le Tort" Duke of Brittany & his wife Ermengarde d'Anjou .

8. MATHILDE . Guillaume de Jumièges names Mathilde wife of "le comte Odon" as the third of the three daughters of Duke Richard and Gunnora, specifying in a later passage that her husband was "Eudes comte de Chartres" when recording their marriage after the death of her father, her dowry being half the castle of Dreux given to her by her brother Duke Richard II, and her death without children "quelques années après"[125].

m as his first wife, EUDES II Comte de Blois, son of EUDES I Comte de Blois & his wife Berthe de Bourgogne [Welf] .

Richard had five illegitimate children by unknown mistresses:

9. GEOFFREY [Godfroy] de Brionne . Guillaume de Jumièges names "Godefroi et Guillaume" as the two sons of Duke Richard by his concubines, recording that the former was Comte d'Eu[126]. Robert of Torigny names "unus Godefridus alter…Willermus" as sons of "Ricardi primi ducis Normanniæ" by concubines[127]. He is named son of duke "Richard the elder" by Orderic Vitalis, who specifies that his father gave Brionne "with the whole county" to him[128]. Comte d'Eu after 996.

10. GUILLAUME . According to Dudo of Saint-Quentin[129], he was an illegitimate son of Richard I by a mistress other than Gunnora. Guillaume de Jumièges names "Godefroi et Guillaume" as the two sons of Duke Richard by his concubines[130]. Robert of Torigny names "unus Godefridus alter…Willermus" as sons of "Ricardi primi ducis Normanniæ" by concubines, recording that Guillaume was first "comes…Aucensis" and after the death of his brother became "comes Brionnensis"[131]. On the other hand, according to Europäische Stammtafeln[132], he was the younger son of Geoffroy de Brionne, Richard I's illegitimate son, although the source on which this is based is not known. An agreement between the abbots of Jumièges and Bougeuil concerning an exchange of land in Poitou, by charter dated [13 Apr/4 Apr] 1012, is subscribed by "Richardus…filius Ricardi principi magni…Robertus archiepiscopus…ecclesie Rotomagensis et Vuillelmus et Malgerus fratres Richardi comitis…"[133]. Comte d'Hiémois et d'Eu. Guillaume de Jumièges records the rebellion of "un certain frère du duc, né du meme père…Guillaume" against Duke Richard, after receiving the county of Hiesme, his capture and imprisonment for five years at Rouen, his escape and investment as Comte d'Eu by his brother[134].

11. [ROBERT . Comte d'Avranches. Illegitimate son of Richard I according to Potts[135].]

12. BEATRIX . Guillaume de Jumièges records that Duke Richard had two daughters by his concubines but does not name them[136]. The Chronicon Gaufredi Vosiensis records that "sorore Richardi Normannorum Ducis" was the wife of "Archambaldus Chamba-Putrida" and mother of "Ebolum"[137], but this is difficult to sustain chronologically. The Miracles of Sainte-Foy attribute a miracle to "Lady Beatrice his [Lord Ebalus] wife…soon to lose him through divorce" involving her freeing pilgrims from captivity near Turenne[138]. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage more precisely has not yet been identified. She returned to Normandy after her divorce and was appointed Abbess of Montivilliers [1035][139].

m as his first wife, EBLES Vicomte de Turenne, son of ARCHAMBAUD "Jambe-Pourrie" Vicomte de Comborn & his wife Sulpicie de Turenne .

13. daughter . Guillaume de Jumièges records that Duke Richard had two daughters by his concubines but does not name them[140]. same person as…? [PAPIA . Robert de Torigny names "Papiam uxorem Walteri [error for Gilberti?] de Sanct Walerico et Aeliz uxorem Ranulfi Vicecomitis de Baioeis" as the two daughters of Duke Richard III [142]. In the case of Papia, it is clearly chronologically impossible for her to have been Duke Richard III´s daughter assuming that it is correct, as asserted by Orderic Vitalis[143], that her grandson, Richard de Heugleville, helped Guillaume II Duke of Normandy in the 1054 rebellion when he was already old enough for Geoffroy de Neufmarché to be his son-in-law. Orderic Vitalis refers to the wife of Gilbert de Saint-Valéry as the daughter of "Duke Richard", although it is not clear from thi passage to which duke Richard he refers. He confirms her name as Papia in a different passage[144]. The second passage also elaborates that Papia was daughter of "Ricardi iunioris ducis Normannorum", which does suggest that he also intended to indicate Duke Richard III. Neither of the passages in Orderic Vitalis names Papia's mother. It is tempting to imagine that she was the second wife of Duke Richard II of the same name. However, it is also chronologically inconsistent with the 1054 references to Papia's grandson for Papia to have been the daughter of Duke Richard II. Assuming that all this speculation is correct, Papia must have been born in the early years of the 11th century and therefore, if she was the daughter of any Duke Richard, her father must have been Duke Richard I.

m GILBERT Advocate of Saint Valéry, son of ---.]

RAOUL . The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle names "bishop Rudolf his [i.e. the king's] kinsman" when recording his installation by King Edward "the Confessor" as abbot of Abingdon, although the precise relationship is not specified. His name suggests that he was probably a relation of King Edward's through his mother, but it has not yet been possible to place him in the family of the dukes of Normandy.

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_I_of_Normandy

Birth
He was born to William I of Normandy, ruler of Normandy, and his wife, Sprota. He was still a boy when his father died in 942. His mother was a Breton concubine captured in war and bound to William by a Danish marriage. After William died, Sprota became the wife of Esperleng, a wealthy miller; Rodulf of Ivry was their son and Richard's half-brother.[citation needed]

Life
Richard was still a boy when his father died, and so he was powerless to stop Louis IV of France when he seized Normandy. Louis kept him in confinement in his youth at Lâon, but he escaped with the assistance of Osmond de Centville, Bernard de Senlis , Ivo de Bellèsme, and Bernard the Dane . In 968, Richard agreed to "commend" himself to Hugh, Count of Paris. He then allied himself with the Norman and Viking leaders, drove Louis out of Rouen, and took back Normandy by 947. He later quarrelled with Ethelred II of England regarding Viking invasions of England because Normandy had been buying up much of the stolen booty.
Richard was bilingual, having been well educated at Bayeux. He was more partial to his Danish subjects than to the French. During his reign, Normandy became completely Gallicized and Christianized. He introduced the feudal system and Normandy became one of the most thoroughly feudalized states on the continent. He carried out a major reorganization of the Norman military system, based on heavy cavalry. He also became guardian of the young Hugh, Count of Paris, on the elder Hugh's death in 956.

Marriages
He married 1st Emma of France, daughter of Hugh "The Great" of France, and Hedwiga de Sachsen. They were betrothed when both were very young. She died 19 Mar 968, with no issue.
According to Robert of Torigni, not long after Emma's death, Duke Richard went out hunting and stopped at the house of a local forester. He became enamoured of the forester's wife, Seinfreda, but she being a virtuous woman, suggested he court her unmarried sister, Gunnor, instead. Gunnor became his mistress, and her family rose to prominence. Her brother, Herefast de Crepon, may have been involved in a controversial heresy trial. Gunnor was, like Richard, of Norse descent, being a Dane by blood. Richard finally married her to legitimize their children:
▪ Richard II "the Good", Duke of Normandy
▪ Robert, Archbishop of Rouen, Count of Evreux, died 1037.
▪ Geoffrey, Count of Eu, b. abt 962 died abt 1015.
▪ Mauger, Earl of Corbeil, died after 1033; his alleged grandson was Robert Fitzhamon, an important Anglo-Norman baron.
▪ Robert Danus, died between 985 and 989
▪ Emma of Normandy wife of two kings of England.
▪ Maud of Normandy, wife of Odo II of Blois, Count of Blois, Champagne and Chartres
▪ Hawise of Normandy , d. 21 February 1034. m. Geoffrey I, Duke of Brittany
▪ Beatrice of Normandy, Abbess of Montvilliers d.1034 m. Ebles of Turenne
▪ Papia m. Gilbert de St Valery.
▪ Fressenda , m. Tancred of Hauteville.
▪ Muriella m. Tancred of Hauteville.

Mistresses
Richard was known to have had several other mistresses and produced children with many of them. Known children are:
▪ Geoffrey, Count of Brionne,
▪ William, Count of Eu m. Leseline de Turqueville .

Death
He died in Fecamp, France on November 20, 996 of natural causes.